Which disorder is characterized by negative, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behaviors toward authority figures?

• A. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• B. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
• C. Conduct Disorder (CD)
• D. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer: (B)

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is identified by a pattern of negative, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behaviors, particularly towards authority figures. Children and adolescents with ODD may often argue with adults, refuse to comply with requests or rules, deliberately annoy others, and blame others for their mistakes or misbehavior. These behaviors can have a significant impact on their social interactions and academic performance.

In contrast, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) primarily involves issues with attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, which may coexist with oppositional behaviors but are not solely defined by them. Conduct Disorder (CD) encompasses more severe behaviors, including aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, and serious violations of rules, often indicating a more serious pattern of behavior compared to ODD. Generalized Anxiety Disorder focuses on excessive anxiety and worry about various aspects of life, lacking the defiant and hostile behaviors characteristic of ODD. Thus, the defining features of ODD make it the correct choice in this context.